22. Carbohydrates metabolism: Glycolsis – Pathway, energetic and significance, Citric acid cycle- Pathway, energetic and significance, HMP shunt and. its significance; Glucose-6-Phosphate dehydrogenate (G6PD) deficiency’, Glycogen metabolism Pathways and glycogen storage diseases (GSD) GluconeogenesisPathvoay and its significance, Hormonal “regulation of blood glucose level and Diabetes mellitus, Biological oxidation: Electron transport chain (EI’C) and its mechanism.Oxidative phosphorylation & its mechanism and substrate level phosprorylation, Inhibitors ETC and oxidative phosphorylation/Uncouples.
23. Lipid metabolism: B-Oxidation of saturated fatty acid (Palmitic acid), Formation and utilization of ketone bodies; ketoacidosis, De novo synthesis of fatty acids (Palmitic acid), Biological significance of cholesterol and conversion of cholesterol into bile acids, steroid hormone and vitamin D, Disorders of lipid metabolism; Hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, fatty liver and obesity.
24. Amino acid metabolism: General reactions of amino acid metabolism Transamination, deamination & decarboxylation, urea cycle and its disorders Catabolism of phenylalanine and tyrosine and their metabolic disorders (Phenyketonuria, Albinism, alkeptonuria, tyrosinemia), Synthesis and significance of biological substances; 5-HT, melatonin, dopamine, noradrenalin, adrenaline catabolism of heme; hyperbilirubinemia and jaundice.
25. Qualitative analysis: Carbohydrates, Proteins, reducing sugars (DNSA method) and proteins (Biuret method), blood creatinine, blood sugar, serum total cholesterol, abnormal constituents of urine.
26. Determination of oil values; Acid value, Saponification value, lodine value etc.
27. Assay of drugs: Chloroquine, Metronidazole, Dapsone, Chlorpheniramine maleate, Benzyl penicillin.
28. UV Visible spectrcrscopy: Electronic transitions, chromoohores, auxochromes, spectial shifts, solvent effect on absorption spectra, Beer and Larnbert’s law, Derivation and deviations, instrumentation – Sources of radiation, wavelength selectors, sample cells, detectors – Photo tube, Photomultiplier tube, photo voltaic cell, Silicon Photoflood. Applications – Spectrophotometric titrations, Single compliment and multi component analysis
