Pharmacy education in India was earlier directed by the pharmaceutical society of Great Britain.
We discuss Pharmacy Professionals in relation to Pharmacy education in India in two parts:
- A .Before independence
- B. After independence
Before 1940 (Before Independence): Initially all the drugs were imported from Europe. Later some drugs of this system began to be manufactured in this country.
A. Before independence: History of Pharmacy Profession India
| Years | Events in Pharmacy Profession |
|---|---|
| 1842 | First Pharmacy college of Asia was established in Goa by Portuguese |
| 1881 | Formal Training of Compounder started in Bengal |
| 1878 | Opium Act |
| 1901 | Establishment of the Bengal Chemical and Pharmaceutical Works, Calcutta by Acharya P.C. Ray. |
| 1903 | A small factory at Parel (Bombay) by Prof. T.K. Gujjar |
| 1907 | Alembic Chemical Works at Baroda by Prof. T.K. Gujjar. |
| 1919 | Poison act |
| 1930 | Govt. of India on 11th August 1930 , appointed a committee under the chairmanship of Late Col. R.N.Chopra to see into the problems of Pharmacy in India and recommend the measures to be taken. This committee published its report in 1931 |
| 1932 | Prof. M.L.Schroff (Prof. Mahadeva Lal Schroff) at BHU, Started separate branch of Pharmaceutical Science (first time in India). Introduce pharmaceutical Chemistry as principle subject in B.Sc course |
| 1934 | Prof. Schroff introduced 2 yrs B.Sc course with subject (Pharma. Chemistry, Pharmacy & Pharmacognosy) at BHU |
| 1935 | United Province Pharmaceutical Association was established which later converted into Indian Pharmaceutical Association. |
| 1937 | Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi- Start 3 years degree course in Pharmacy@ BHU- Industry Orinted Government of India brought ‘Import of Drugs Bill’; later it was withdrawn. |
| 1939 | Indian Journal of Pharmacy was started by Prof. M.L. Schroff |
| 1940 | -Drugs Bill’to regulate the imort, manufacture, sale and distribution of drugs in British India. This Bill was finally adopted as ‘Drugs Act of 1940’. -All India Pharmaceutical Congress Association was established in 1940. M.Pharm (1 year after 3 yrs degree)course @ BHU by Prof Schroff |
| 1941 | The first Drugs Technical Advisory Board (D.T.A.B.) |
| 1943 | M. L. schroff left BHU & Join Birla Brother as Chief Chemist & Research Officer, Principal of BITS pilani |
| 1944 | -University institute of pharmaceutical science Panjab University, Chandigarh (State Govt) -B.Pharm course @ Punjab University, Lahore (Now in pakistan)- Pharmacy practice orinted |
| 1945 | Drugs Rule under the Drugs Act of 1940’ was established. Govt. brought the Pharmacy Bill to standardize the Pharmacy Education in India. |
| 1946 | Indian Pharmacopoeia List |
| 1947 | L. M. College of pharmacy, Ahemdabad (Private) |
B. After independence: History of Pharmacy Profession India
| Years | Events in Pharmacy Profession |
|---|---|
| 1948 | -1948: Pharmacy Act 1948 published. -Indian Pharmacopoeial Committee was constituted under the chairmanship of late Dr. B.N. Ghosh |
| 1949 | -Pharmacy Council of India (P.C.I.) was established under Pharmacy Act 1948 -First Diploma in Pharmacy education institute started- Jalpaiguri- 2 yrs programe course |
| 1950 | -Department of Pharmacy, Madras Medical College, Chennai -Birla Institute of Science & Technology, Pilani, RJ |
| 1951 | College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Visakhapatnam, AP |
| 1952 | Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr H. S. Gour University, Sagaur, MP |
| 1954 | Drugs and Magic Remedies (Objectionable Advertisements) Act 1954 was passed to stop misleading advertisements (e.g. Cure all pills) Education Regulation have come in force in some states but other states lagged behind. |
| 1955 | -Medicinal and Toilet Prepartions (Excise Duties) -1st Edition of Indian Pharmacopoeia was published – Essential Commodities Act, 1955 |
| 1956 | Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagpur University, Nagpur |
| 1958 | Pharmaceutical Deptt., University Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai University, MH |
| 1963 | Deptt. Of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata |
| 1966 | The DPCO (DRUGS (PRICES CONTROL) ORDER) was first passed in 1966 and then revised in 1970, 1979, 1987, 1995 & 2013 (Issued under the “Essential Commodities Act, 1955“) |
| 1978 | Drug policy 1978 & Drug policy 1986 ,& In September 1994, the new drug policy was announced. |
| 1985 | Narcotic and Psychotropic Substances Act has been enacted to protect society from the dangers of addictive drugs. |
| 1994 | NIPER, Mohali -registered as a society under the Societies Act. |
| 1998 | Parliament enacted National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Act, 1998. NIPER was declared as an “Institute of National Importance” |
| 2002 | PHARMACEUTICAL POLICY 2002 (Not implemented)- Court case |
| 2012 | NATIONAL PHARMACEUTICAL PRICING POLICY (NPPA 2012) seeks to replace the Drug policy 1994 |
| 2015 | PPR Act 2015 |
| 2020 | ER (Education Regulation) 2020 |
| 2022 | DPEE (Diploma in Pharmacy Exit Examination) 2022 |
Current status of Pharmacy in India
§PPR 2015(Pharmacy Practice Regulations) 2015 & Education regulation 2020 have been introduced by PCI to keeping pace with latest current & emerging trends in the field of Pharmacy.(फार्मेसी प्रैक्टिस रेगुलेशन) 2015 और एजुकेशन रेगुलेशन 2020 को पीसीआई द्वारा फार्मेसी के क्षेत्र में नवीनतम वर्तमान और उभरते रुझानों के साथ तालमेल रखने के लिए पेश किया गया है।
§Currently we have more than 16 lacs registered Pharmacists in the country (till April 2022), of which maximum are community pharmacist having diploma in pharmacy.
§Diploma holders largely handle the pharmacy profession and the providing of quality pharmaceutical care is still a dream.
Educational Programs/Courses in India
- 1.Pharmacy programs/courses are offered in India today:
- 2.Diploma in Pharmacy (D. Pharm.)
- 3.Bachelor of Pharmacy (B. Pharm.)
- 4.Master of Pharmacy (M. Pharm.)
- 5.Master of Science in pharmacy [MS (Pharm)]
- 6.practice-based Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm. D.)
- 7.Doctor of Philosophy in Pharmacy (Ph. D)
The entry point, for D.Pharm, B.Pharm, and Pharm.D programs is 12 years (10+2) of formal education in the sciences.
| Course | Entry level | Duration | Regulation | Comment |
| D. Pharm | 10+2 | 2 | PCI | Last revised 1991 |
| B. Pharm | 10+2 | 4 | PCI | Curriculum is a decade old |
| M. Pharm | B. Pharm | 2 | PCI | Many disciplines |
| M. Pharm (Clinical) | B. Pharm | 2 | PCI | Started in 1997 |
| Pharm. D. | 10+2 | 6 | PCI | Started in 2008 |
| Pharm. D. (Post B.S.) | B. Pharm | 3 | PCI | Started in 2008 |
MS (Pharm)
§In September 1994, Govt of India established NIPER, Mohali Punjab under NIPER act 1998
§There are 6 National Institutes of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPERs) in India offering MS (Pharm), M.Tech (Pharm), and higher-level degrees. The NIPERs were created with the vision of providing excellence in pharmacy and pharmacy-related education.
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